( a ) a specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum
( b ) a specialised procedure to form an embryo in the laboratory in which a 2n diploid nucleus is directly injected into an enucleated ovum
( c ) a specialised procedure to form an embryo in vivo in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum
( d ) a specialised procedure to form an embryo in vivo in which a 2n diploid nucleus is directly injected into the ovum