Browse Questions

# Evaluate the following: $\int\frac{x^2dx}{x^4-x^2-12}$

$\begin{array}{1 1}(A)\;\large\frac{1}{7}\log \large\frac{|x-2|}{|x+2|}-\frac{\sqrt 3}{7} \tan ^{-1} \bigg(\large\frac{x}{\sqrt 3}\bigg)+c \\ (B)\;\large\frac{1}{7} \log \large\frac{|x-2|}{|x+2|}+\frac{\sqrt 3}{7} \tan ^{-1} \bigg(\large\frac{x}{\sqrt 3}\bigg)+c \\ (C)\;\large\frac{1}{7} \log \large\frac{|x-2|}{|x+2|}+\frac{ 3}{\sqrt 7} \tan ^{-1} \bigg(\large\frac{x}{\sqrt 3}\bigg)+c \\ (D)\;\large\frac{1}{7} \log \large\frac{|x-2|}{|x+2|}-\frac{3}{\sqrt 7} \tan ^{-1} \bigg(\large\frac{x}{\sqrt 3}\bigg)+c\end{array}$

Toolbox:
• If a rational expression, whose degree of the numerator is greater then or equal to that of the denominator, it is said to be improper.
• A rational expression of the from $\large\frac{x}{(x+a)(x-a)}$ can be resolved as $\large\frac{A}{(x+a)}+\frac{B}{(x-a)}$
$\large\int\frac{x^2dx}{x^4-x^2-12}$
Here $x^4-x^2-12$ can be factorized as $(x^2-4)(x^2+3)$
Hence $\large\frac{x^2}{x^4-x^2-12}$ can be resolved as
$\large\frac{x^2}{x^4-x^2-12}=\frac{A}{(x+2)}+\frac{B}{(x-2)}+\frac{cx+D}{x^2+3}$
$=>x^2=A(x-2)(x^2+3)+B(x+2)(x^2+3)+(cx+d)(x^2-4)$
To evaluate the values for A,B,C and D put x=2
$4=A(0)+B(4)(7)+(Cx+D)(0)$
Therefore $4=28 B \qquad B=\frac{1}{7}$
Put $x=-2$
$4=A(-4)(7)+0+0$
Therefore $4=-28A=> \qquad A=\large\frac{-1}{7}$
Put $x=0$
$0=A(-2)(3)+B(2)(3)+(D)(-4)$
$=> -6A+6B-4D=0$
$-6 \times \large\frac{-1}{7} $$+ 6 \times \large\frac{1}{7}-$$4D=0$
$=>D=0$
Put $x=1$
$1=A(-1)(4)+B(3)(4)+(C+D)(-3)$
$=>1=-4 \times \bigg(\large\frac{-1}{7}\bigg)$$+12 \bigg(\large\frac{1}{7}\bigg)-3C (ie) \large\frac{4}{7}+\frac{12}{7}-$$3C=1$
$=>3C=\large\frac{9}{7}$ therefore $C=\large\frac{3}{7}$
Hence $A=-1/7,B=1/7\; and \;c=3/7$
Now substituting the value for A,B and C we get
$\large\frac{x^2}{x^4-x^2-12}=\frac{-1/7}{(x+2)}+\frac{1/7}{(x-2)}+\frac{3/7}{x^2+3}$
$\large\frac{x^2}{x^4-x^2-12}=\frac{-1}{7(x+2)}+\frac{1}{7(x-2)}+\frac{3}{7(x^2+3)}$
Hence $I=\large\frac{-1}{7} \int \frac{1}{(x+2)}dx+\frac{1}{7} \int \frac{dx}{(x-2)}+\frac{3}{7}\int \frac{dx}{x^2+3}$
On integrating we get