(a)It is the equilibrium hydrostatic pressure from solution to the solvent side when the two are separated by a semipermeable membrane (b)It is the excess pressure which should be applied to the solution in order to make its vapour pressure equal to that of the solvent(c)It is the additional pressure that must be applied to the solvent to prevent its flow in to the solution through a semipermeable membrane(d)Both (a) and (b)