Presence of a nitro group in a benzene ring

Question

$\begin{array}{1 1}(a)\;\text{Deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution}\\(b)\; \text{Activates the ring towards electrophilic substitution}\\(c)\;\text{Renders the ring basic}\\(d)\;\text{Deactivates the ring towards nucleophilic substitution}\end{array}$