$\begin{array}{1 1} a.Lichens \to Mosses \to Grasses \to Shrubs \to Trees \\ b. Trees \to Shrubs \to Lichens \to Mosses \to Grasses \\ c. Mosses \to Shrubs \to Trees \to Lichens \to Grasses \\ d. Mosses \to Lichens \to Grasses \to Shrubs \to Trees \end{array} $