$\begin{array}{1 1} \text{a. Female Ascaris- sharply curved posterior end} \\ \text{b. Male frog- A copulatory pad on the first digit of the hind limb} \\ \text{c. Demale cockroach-**** cerci} \\ \text{d. Male shark-Claspers borne on the pelvic fins} \end{array} $