$\begin{array}{1 1} \text{a. Separation of charged molecules under the influence of magnetic field.} \\ \text{b. Incorporation of DNA molecules into the cell through transient pores made due to electrical impulses.}\\ \text{c. Separation of DNA fragments through the pores of agarose gel under the influence of electric field.} \\ \text{d. Separation and purification of gene products.} \end{array}$
