Recent questions in Biology

In pteridophytes: 1.The gametophytes of the pteridophytes bear male and female * organs called archegonia and antheridia, respectively. 2. Water is required for transfer of antherozoids – the male gametes released from male * organ, to the mouth of female *** organ. 3. Fusion of male gamete with the egg result in the formation of zygote. 4. Zygote thereafter produces a multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte 5. Sporophyte is the dominant phase of the pteridophytes.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In pteridophytes: 1. Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues – xylem and phloem. 2. The pteridophytes are found in cool, damp, shady places 3. They can never grow in sandy-soil conditions.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In Mosses: 1. After fertilisation, the zygote develops into a sporophyte 2. Sporophyte consists of a foot, seta and capsule. 3. The seta contains spores. 4. Spores are formed after mitosis.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In liverworts: 1. During sexual reproduction, male and female *** organs are produced either on the same or on different thalli. 2. The sporophyte is differentiated into a foot, seta and capsule. 3. After meiosis, spores are produced within the capsule. 4. These spores germinate to form free-living gametophytes.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In liverworts: 1. Asexual reproduction takes place by fragmentation of thalli 2. Sexual reproduction takes place by formation of gemmae 3. Gemmae are green, unicellular, buds 4. Gemmae develop in small receptacles - gemma cups located on the thalli. 5. The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals. Regarding 1,2,3,4 and 5:

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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1. Mosses are some of the first organisms to colonise rocks 2. Mosses decompose rocks making the substrate suitable for the growth of higher plants. 3. Mosses form dense mats on the soil, they reduce the impact of falling rain and prevent soil erosion. Regarding 1,2 and 3:

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In Bryophytes: 1. The zygotes produce a multicellular body called a sporophyte. 2. The sporophyte is free-living 3. Some cells of the sporophyte undergo division to produce diploid spores. 4. These spores germinate to produce gametophyte.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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Regarding sexual reproduction in Bryophytes : 1. The female *** organ called archegonium is pyriformin shape 2. Archegonium produces a single egg. 3. The antherozoids are released into water where they come in contact with archegonium. 4. An antherozoid fuses with the egg to produce the zygote. 5. Zygotes undergo reduction division immediately.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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Regarding Bryophytes : 1.The plant body is thallus-like and prostrate or erect 2. The plant body is attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular rhizoids 3. They have true roots, stem or leaves. 4. They may possess root-like, leaf-like or stem-like structures. 5. The main plant body of the bryophyte is diploid.

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Regarding Rhodophyceae: 1. Majority of them are marine 2. Greater concentrations of Rhodophyceae are found in the warmer areas 3. They occur in well-lighted regions close to the surface of water 4. They can not grow at great depths in oceans where relatively little light penetrates

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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Regarding the members of phaeophyceae or brown algae: 1. Vegetative reproduction takes place by fragmentation. 2. Sexual reproduction in most brown algae is by biflagellate zoospores. 3. Zoospores are pear-shaped and have two equal laterally attached flagella

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Regarding the members of phaeophyceae or brown algae: 1. possess chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids and xanthophylls. 2. Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of laminarin or mannitol. 3. The vegetative cells have a cellulosic wall. 4. cellulosic wall usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of algin. 5. The protoplast contains, in addition to plastids, a centrally located vacuole and nucleus.

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In Chlorophyceae: 1. Vegetative reproduction usually takes place by fragmentation or by formation of different types of spores. 2. Asexual reproduction is by non flagellated zoospores produced in zoosporangia. 3. Zoospores produced in zoosporangia. 4. The sexual reproduction shows considerable variation 5. Sexual reproduction may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous.

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In Chlorophyceae: 1. The pigments are not localised in chloroplasts. 2. The chloroplasts may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral or ribbon-shaped in different species. 3. Most of the members have one or more storage bodies called pyrenoids located in the chloroplasts. 4. Pyrenoids contain only starch. 5. Some algae may store food in the form of cholesterol.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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1. Vegetative reproduction is by fragmentation. 2. Each fragment develops into a thallus. 3. Asexual reproduction is by the production of different types of spores, the most common - oospores. 4. The spores are non flagellated and on germination give rise to new plants.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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1. Numerical Taxonomy which is now easily carried out using computers is based on all observable characteristics. 2. Number and codes are assigned to all the characters and the data are then processed. 3. Some important characters are given more importance 4. Cytological information like chromosome number are aslo included 5. At the same time hundreds of characters can be considered.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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1. Fungi, and members of the Monera and Protista having cell walls have now been excluded from Plantae 2. Earlier classifications also have placed them in Plantae 3. The cyanobacteria that are also referred to as blue green algae are not ‘algae’ any more. Regarding 1,2 and 3:

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1. Lichens are symbiotic associations between algae and fungi. 2.The algal component is known as mycobiont and fungal component as phycobiont 3. Algal component is autotrophic and fungal component is heterotrophic 4.Algae absorb water and prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients for its partner. 5. Lichens are very good pollution indicators – they grow well in polluted areas Regarding 1,2,3,4 and 5:

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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1. In 1979, T.O. Diener discovered a new infectious agent that was smaller than viruses and caused potato spindle tuber disease. 2. It was found to be a free RNA; 3. it lacked the protein coat that is found in viruses, hence the name viroid. 4.The RNA of the viroid was of high molecular weight. Regarding 1,2,3 and 4:

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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Regarding 1,2 and 3: 1. Life cycle of plants has two distinct phases 2. The diploid gametophytic phase and the haploid sporophytic phase - that alternate with each other. 3. This phenomenon is called alternation of generation.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In Basidiomycetes: 1.The asexual spores are generally not found 2. Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common. 3. The *** organs are present 4. plasmogamy is brought about by fusion of two vegetative or somatic cells of same strain or genotype. 5. The resultant structure of plasmogamy is dikaryotic which ultimately gives rise to basidium. 6.Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium producing four basidiospores. The basidiospores are exogenously produced on the basidium . 7. The basidia are arranged in fruiting bodies called basidiocarps.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In Ascomycetes: 1.The asexual spores are conidia produced endogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores. 2. Conidia on germination produce mycelium. 3. Sexual spores are called ascospores which are produced exogenously in sac like asci 4. These asci are arranged in different types of fruiting bodies called ascocarps.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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In Phycomycetes: 1. Asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores (non-motile) or by aplanospores (motile). 2. These spores are exogenously produced in sporangium. 3. A zygospore is formed by fusion of two gametes; if these gametes are similar in morphology (isogamous or oogamous) or dissimilar (anisogamous)

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The sexual cycle involves the following three steps: (i) Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy. (ii) Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy. (iii) Meiosis in zygote resulting in diploid spores. Regarding (i), (ii) and (iii)

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1. Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a different cell wall structure 2. Methanogens live in marshy areas and halophiles live in hot springs. 3. Methanogens are present in the gut of several ruminant animals

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Regarding Linnaeus' time : 1. a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms was developed. 2. This system is still used till 3. This system did not distinguish between the eukaryotes and prokaryotes, & photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms; yet this system distinguishes unicellular and multicellular organisms

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Regarding Aristotle: 1. used floral characters to classify plants 2. divided animals into two groups, those which had red blood and those that did not 3. a Two Kingdom system of classification with Plantae and Animalia kingdoms 4. earliest to attempt to classify organisms more on a scientific basis 5. classified plants into trees, shrubs and herbs

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The herbarium sheets carry a label providing information about (i)date of collection (ii)place of collection (iii)botanical names, family names (iv)English, local names (v)collector’s name

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1.As one goes higher from species to kingdom, the number of common characteristics goes on increasing. 2. Lower the taxa, more are the characteristics that the members within the taxon share. 3.Higher the category, determining the relationship to other taxa at the same level becomes easy.

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1. Families are characterised only on the basis of reproductive features of plant species 2. Lion, tiger, leopard is put along with cats and dogs in the family Felidae 3. Three different genera Solanum, Petunia and Datura are placed in the family Solanaceae

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1. The scientific names need not always ensure that each organism has only one name. 2. Description of any organism should enable the people (in any part of the world) to arrive at the same name. 3. While naming a new organism suh a name may have been used for some other closely related known organism.

asked Jan 6, 2014 by pady_1

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Assertion (A): At puberty only 60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary. Reason (R): A large number of primary follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty. Regarding (A) and (R):

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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Regarding Oogenesis choose the incorrect one :

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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1. The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitute the semen. 2. The functions of male *** accessory ducts and glands are maintained by the testicular hormones (androgens). Regarding 1 and 2 :

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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Middle piece of a sperm :

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Microscopic structure of a sperm is composed of

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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) :

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Luteinising hormone (LH) :

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The increased levels of GnRH :

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1. Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to significant increase in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). 2. GnRH is a pituitary hormone.

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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1. Each spermatogonium contains 46 chromosomes. 2. Secondary spermatocytes have 23 chromosomes each. Regarding 1 and 2 :

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The spermatogonia -

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The primary *** organs –

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1. The hymen is often torn during the first coitus. 2. However the presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience. Regarding 1 and 2 :

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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1. The opening of the ** is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen. 2. The is a tiny finger-like structure which lies at the upper junction of the two * minora below the urethral opening. Regarding 1 and 2 :

asked Jan 3, 2014 by pady_1

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The female external genitalia includes all except:

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1. The endometrium undergoes cyclical changes during menstrual cycle 2. Myometrium exhibits strong contraction during delivery of the baby. Regarding 1 and 2 :

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Regarding uterus - choose the incorrect one:

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Regarding Fallopian tubes - choose the incorrect one :

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The female accessory ducts is / are constituted by:

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