Recent questions in Biology

Which enzyme can be used in-vitro with an oligo(dT) primer to synthesize single-stranded cDNA from mRNA templates ?

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Higher temperatures may be required to denature template or target DNAs that are rich in

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All thermostable DNA polymerases require __________ for activity.

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In a standard PCR, the amount of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) i.e. dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP are of

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Expand MHC and where it is located ?

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The RFLPs are generated in various ways: 1. loss of an endonuclease cleavage site, most probably as a result of a base change 2. by insertion or deletion of a stretch of DNA; 3. by variation in the number of repeats of a microsatellite

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Expand RFLP

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Which enzyme is an ideal target for chemotherapy because this enzyme is active in most tumors but inactive in most normal cells ?

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Szostak & Blackburn (1982), developed the first vector which could be maintained as a linear molecule, thereby mimicking a chromosome, by cloning yeast telomeres into a YRp. Such vectors are known as

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The need of Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman algorithm is

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Which programming algorithm is used to compare, a nucleotide sequence against a nucleotide sequence database, or an amino acid sequence against a protein sequence database ?

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Elaborate SCOP

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SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL are databases of

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Elaborate the primary sequence database (DDBJ)

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With reference to primary sequence database, the nucleotide sequence database is maintained by

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The use of PCR-based technique for the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) is

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Which DNA sequences are reverse transcribed from mRNA that reveal expression profiles in different cell types, developmental stages, and in response to natural or experimentally simulated external stimuli ?

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The optimum temperature for ligation of nicked DNA is

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Reactions catalyzed by the enzymes of E. coli and T4-infected E. coli are very similar, they differ in their cofactor requirements. (a)The T4 enzyme requires ATP, while (b) the E. coli enzyme requires NAD+.

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E. coli and phage T4 encode an enzyme, which seals single-stranded nicks between adjacent nucleotides in a duplex DNA chain is known as

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Restriction enzymes with the same sequence specificity and cut site are known as

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Which restriction enzyme produce blunt or flush ends like, (CCC/GGG) ?

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Which restriction enzyme, makes single-stranded breaks four bases apart in the opposite strands of its target sequence so generating fragments with protruding 5' termini and hence, fragments with sticky or cohesive ends ? 5'-G 5'-AATTC-3' 3'-CTTAA-5' G-5'

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Which restriction enzyme was discovered by Smith & Wilcox, 1970 from Hemophilus influenzae strain Rd and has cleavage sites in phage T7 DNA ?

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Respiration in plants

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In order to apply PCR methodology to the study of RNA, the RNA sample has to be converted to cDNA to provide the DNA template for the thermostable polymerase. This process is called as

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Taq DNA polymerase was derived from which thermophilic bacterium ?

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The use of liposomes as a transformation or transfection system is called

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Which process involves the transfer of electrophoresed protein bands from a polyacrylamide gel on to a membrane of nitrocellulose or nylon, to which they bind strongly ?

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The pET vectors are a family of expression vectors that utilize which promotor to regulate synthesis of cloned gene products ?

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If the polylinker sequence of the expression plasmid contain a BamHI site, 5'NGGATCCN3' and the sequence of two codons (GAT and CCN), which code for dipeptide (Asp Pro), is in frame with the fusion protein, then which chemical agent can be used to cleave the polypeptide ?

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Which chemical is used for fusing $\alpha$-galactosidase-insulin A chain and $\alpha$-galactosidase - insulin-B chain ?

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Which gel electrophoresis method is preferred method to measure the size of an insert in a high-capacity vector ?

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CTAB stands for -

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Polyacrylamide gels cannot be cast with ethidium bromide because

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Which buffers serve three purposes, they increase the density of the sample, ensuring that the DNA sinks evenly into the well and add color to the sample ?

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Which buffers are mixed with the samples before loading into the slots of the gel ?

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What causes a decrease in the negative charge of the double-stranded DNA and an increase in both its stiffness and length?

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Molecules of double-stranded DNA migrate through gel matrices at rates that are inversely proportional to

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Agarose is a linear polymer composed of alternating residues of -

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For all organisms, from bacteria to humans, PFGE is used to study

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PFGE stands for ?

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Agarose gels have a lower resolving power than___________________, but they have a greater range of separation.

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During which process, the velocity of the DNA fragments decreases as their length increases and is proportional to electric field strength ?

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The location of DNA within the gel can be determined directly by staining with low concentrations of fluorescent intercalating dyes, such as

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EDTA stands for -

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During which process, the bacterial suspesion opens the cell wall, denatures chromosomal DNA and proteins, and releases plasmid DNA into the supernatant ?

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The exposure to an electrical charge destabilizes the membranes of E. coli and induces the formation of transient membrane pores through which DNA molecules can pass is known as -

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The treatment of bacteria with ice-cold solutions of CaCl2 and then heated to 37$^{\circ}$C or 42$^{\circ}$C is the process or method called as

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PEG stands for -

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